The Management Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Management Environment - Essay Example Although it is difficult to believe that Supply chain management is a recent concept since even Shakespeare discussed how ships and merchandise at sea can be at risk from various threats, the process of actually managing a supply chain through technology and modern communication tools is certainly a recent innovation. With reference to globalisation, logistics is simply the science of getting the required materials, goods or equipment to the right people at the right time and the development of this field owes a lot to the military history of civilisation which goes all the way back to the Roman era where armies had to be kept in supply even in far flung regions of the empire (Christopher, 2005). In the modern world, when supply chain management and the philosophy of logistics are combined in an efficient manner a company can become richer and more powerful than any emperor of the past. Supply chain management not only allows the right people to have the right things at the right time, it also makes sure that there is no wastage in the process and the overall costs of the business are reduced (Van Hoek, 2005). For the company, it could mean less mistakes in ordering the right part, making sure that production facilities around the world are occupied and that production matches the consumption as well as client requirements. Every business decision and every business choice comes with an associated cost which must be borne by the shareholders or the owners of the business which means that costs need to be reduced to ensure a healthy profit. An efficiently managed global supply chain does exactly that by cutting down costs in several important areas of business (Christopher, 2 005). Lummus and Demarie (2006) give the example of supply chain management experts such as Renee Gregoire and James Correll who discussed the importance of supply chain management with reference to

Case Study of diagnosis and treatment of Gout

Case Study of diagnosis and treatment of Gout A 50 year-old male presented for an evaluation of rapid onset of pain and swelling in his right toe. The patient reported that he had two similar previous episodes with the same symptoms lasting four to five days and was treated by emergency physicians. The patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s past medical history is significant for hypertension and treated with Hydrochlorothiazide. The review of systems was negative for headache, fever, chills, rash, earache, sore throat, cough, rhinorrhea, vision changes, weight loss, or change in appetite or disposition. The patient was afebrile, and this blood pressure was slightly elevated. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: General: The patient is a pleasant male who appears to be in no apparent distress. Vital Signs: blood pressure 123/48, heart rate 76, Temperature 38.3 and 98% on room air. HEENT: Extraocular muscles are intact. Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. Neck: Supple. No jugular vein distention noted. No carotid bruits noted. Lungs: Clear to auscultation bilaterally. No wheezes, rubs or rhonchi. Heart: Regular rate and rhythm. Normal S1, S2. A 2/6 to 3/6 systolic ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border. PMI is nondisplaced. Abdomen: Notable for laparoscopy surgical wound. Positive bowel sounds. Extremities: MTP is red, hot and swollen. Neurologic: The patient is alert and oriented x3. No focal neurologic deficits noted. Pathophysiology Gout is an inflammatory disease characterized by the deposition of uric acid crystals in and around joints, subcutaneous tissues, and kidneys. Although men and women are equally affected by gout, men are six times more likely to have serum concentrations above 7 mg per dL. Gout typically occurs during middle age and is uncommon before the age 30 years old. Women rarely have gouty arthritis attacks before menopause 1. Clinical Presentation Gout attacks are usually associated with precipitated events. Patients usually present with rapid onset of severe pain, swelling, redness, and warmth in one or tow joints. This pain and inflammation are caused by inflammatory response. Acute attack untreated attacks usually last two to 21 days depending on cases. There are four clinical stages of gout according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). The first stage is known as asymptomatic hyperurecemia. During this stage, the patients can have an elevation of uric acid in the blood but they do not have any symptoms yet. After more and more urate deposits around a joint and if any trauma triggers the release of crystal into the joint space, patients will suffer acute attacks of gout. This second stage is known as acute gouty arthritis. The third stage, known as interval or intercritical gout, involves the interval between acute flare gout attacks with persist crystals in the joints. When crystals deposits continue to accumulate, patients are likely to develop chronically stiff and swollen joints. This stage is called chronic tophceous gout. Some permanent damage to affected joints and sometimes to kidneys can be seen. This advanced stage is relatively uncommon if patients receive proper treatment. Differential Diagnosis Gout in the elderly is often polyarticular and involves upper extremity joints (especially proximal interphalangeal joints and distal interphalangeal joints). Women present 70% of the time with polyarticular disease rather than the classic monoarticular arthritis seen in men. Gout can be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis because tophi may resemble rheumatoid nodules and rheumatoid factors often become weakly positive as people age. It may be difficult to differentiate cellulitis or septic arthritis from gout, particularly when a fever, leukocytosis, redness, or desquamation is present. The term pseudogout, for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, belies the difficulty in clinically differentiating it from gout. For definitive diagnosis, joint fluid must be aspirated for culture and a search for urate crystals. Diagnostic Test The gold standard diagnostic test for gout is an arthrocentesis. The American College of Rheumatology has established 12 clinical criteria, 6 of which a patient must have for diagnosis. * Maximum joint inflammation within 1 day * More than one attack over time * Monoarticular arthritis (although gout can be polyarticular) * Redness of joint * Great metatarsophalangeal pain or swelling * Unilateral great metatarsophalangeal involvement * Unilateral tarsal involvement * Suspected tophus * Hyperuricemia * Asymmetrical swelling within the joint on x-ray * Subcortical cysts without erosion on x-ray * Joint fluid culture negative for organisms during attack Treatment and Management The gold of treating gout is to minimize or eliminate the urate crystals from the joints and other structures associated with them. Several aspects must be taken into consideration and each treatment regiment is varied from patients to patients. The three main objectives that FNP take into consideration are treatment for the acute attacks, prophylaxis against recurrent attacks, and management of hyperurecemia. Asymptomatic hyperurecemia: urate-lowering drugs is not recommended to treat patients with asymptomatic hyperurecemia. If hyperurecemia is identified, underlying causes such as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol consumption, and hypertension should be addressed. Acute gout: NSAIDs are being used as first-line therapy. Indomethacin (Indocin), ibuprofen (Motrin), naproxen (Naprosyn), sulindac (Clinoril), piroxicam (Feldene) are also effective against gout. Corticosteroids: intra-articular, intravenous, intramuscular or oral corticosteroids are effective in acute gout. When one or two joints are involved, intra-articular injection of corticosteroid can be used. Intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide is as effective as indomethacin in relieving acute gouty arthritis. Triamcinolone acetonide is especially useful in patients with contraindication to NSAIDs. Oral prednisone: is an option when repeat dosing is anticipate. Prenisone, 0.5 mg per kg on day 1 and tapered by 5 mg each day is effective. Cochicine is also effective treatment for acute gout. However, majority of patients experience gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Patient Education If they are obese, they should be advised to begin a concerted program of supervised weight reduction (see Chapter 233), but to avoid starvation or very low calorie diets that may only exacerbate the risk of gout. Drinkers should be warned against binges. Maintenance of good hydration needs to be stressed to those at risk for nephrolithiasis. On the other hand, patients will find it comforting to know that severe dietary restrictions are unnecessary. Fasting should be avoided because it may precipitate an attack. The importance of treating an acute attack at the first sign of illness also needs to be stressed. For the patient with interval gout, a discussion of the risks and benefits of prophylactic therapy and the importance of compliance is indicated. Those taking allopurinol should be warned of the risk of a hypersensitivity reaction and advised to cease intake immediately and call the physician at the first sign of a rash, fever, or other manifestation. Pain management is the pri mary concern during acute phase of and attack. The patient should be advised to take analgesic medications as schedule. The joint should be rested as much as possible in a position of comfort. Ice, not heat, may help with reducing discomfort. Conclusion Gout is one of the most causes of acute monoarticular arthritis. Primary gout runs in families and follows multifactorial inheritance. The expanded use of agents that decrease uric acid excretion has significantly increased the incidence of secondary gout. The Fremingham Study suggested that almost half of new cases were associated with thiazide use. The FNP should be able to properly diagnose acute gout, treat it, prevent recurrence, and minimize the chances for the development of chronic gouty arthritis. Patients who present with asymptomatic hyperuricemia should be further investigated to prevent complications from this disorder.

Modern Economic Growth Essay -- Economics, Technological Progress

Theoretical model of modern economic growth shows that long-term economic growth and raise the level of per capita income depends on technological progress. This is because of without technological progress and with the increase of capital per capita, marginal returns of capital would diminish and output per capita growth would eventually stagnate (Solow, 1956; Swan, 1956). Studies have shown that â€Å"experience, skills and knowledge in the long-term economic growth is playing an increasingly important role† (World Bank, 1999). Despite how technological progress work on economic growth, and how there are different views on the role of in the end, but I am afraid no one would deny that technical progress in the important role of economic development. In this sense, for a country to achieve long-term economic growth, we must continue to promote technological progress. However, economic growth theory is analyzed in general, and usually under the assumption that in the closed ec onomy, and technological progress in a country not normally have taken place in various departments at the same time, and now the economy are often increasingly open economy. In this way, the technological progress in different economic impact on a country may be quite different. In addition, we assume that technological progress is Hicks neutral, is to an industry in itself, but technological progress also reflects the establishment of new industries and development. The new industries and technology-intensive industries generally older than the high, the use of less labor. Even the old industries, the general trend of technological progress is labor-saving. However, despite the long-term economic growth, technological progress is very important, and even if we... ... technological progress (the actual cost of the actual producer prices drop or increase) caused. (Note: Of course, if technological progress is the price of the product after the fall, FG Theorem is not established, so it does not necessarily affect the distribution of income, such as SS as shown in Theorem. However, a small country in the open cases, product prices given by the international market, so the assumption that commodity prices remain unchanged or valid, FG theorems generally be valid.) Obviously, if technical progress can not be changed after the factor prices, the production of the two departments, the capital / labor ratio would not change, then the imbalance in supply and demand factors will occur. If this imbalance can not be adjusted by the factor market, some elements will be in short supply, while the other elements will be unemployed or idle.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway originates in Xining, capital of Qinghai Province, which is 1,142 kilometers (713 miles) long. With about 600 kilometers of the railway is built within the Tibet Autonomous Region, it is however, the first railway that linking Tibet with the western part of China, and it will extend from Lhasa, the Tibetan capital to Golmud, a traffic hub in Qinghai Province. Once the construction completed, it will become the longest and most elevated railway built on highlands in the world, and will later be extended to Shigaze and Linzhi in Tibet, and Yunnan Province in southwest China. The acme of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is 5,072 meters above sea level, and more than 960 kilometers, or four-fifths of the railway will be built at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters. Nearly half of the railway (550 kilometers) will be laid on continuous and permanent frozen earth, and the rest of the railway will pass through the grasslands, natural reserve zone, wetlands, and also the arid desert region. The Chinese Government has wanted to build such a railway since the 1950s, shortly after the Communist Army took over control of Tibet. However, the project was postponed for decades due to the construction difficulties with the altitude, terrain, and also the shortage of capital sources. Nevertheless, the dream of building such a railway linking to Tibet has never been gave up by the Chinese Authorities, for which the construction planning, reconnaissance, and feasibility research study has been took place in Qinghai-Tibet plateau for many years ever since the 1960s. In 1984, the Xining-Golmud Railway was completed, the first phase of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which is 815 kilometers long. However, the construction discontinued due to extreme weather condition, terrain, and altitude. In February 2001, the China State Council has approved the construction plan of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway after reviewed the official report submitted by the State Planning Commission. The construction project will take seven years to complete with a sum of 4 billion US Dollars (approx. 32 billion Chinese RMB) total investment. Building the world's most elevated and longest railways, indeed, is not only a trial to a Country's combine national power, and her technology level. In contrast to its several billion dollar of investment, the short-term economic benefit is incommensurate de facto, but it serves for a long-term economic benefit and extensively political and military meanings. Currently, the only transportation to Tibet is limited to ground and air transport, which is deficiency to meet the demand for developing Tibet's economy. In compare to the prosperous eastern seaboard, Tibet remains as the most backward region in China at a little bit more above the national average income for farmers and herdsmen. According to the Himal South Asian magazine (Sept 2002); the current disparity between rural, â€Å"impoverished† Tibetans and urban, â€Å"developed† Chinese then, is a problem for the Beijing administration. The dominant point of view in Beijing is that Tibet has been a messy backyard that remains an embarrassment; for they realize that a radically under-developed Tibet will tarnishes the image of a new China. It is neither the result of a coherent and successful policy, nor a carefully crafted plan to keep Tibetans down. It is an undeniable fact that, once the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is completed, it will bring a convenient transportation way to and from Lhasa, and it eventually lead to a result of overwhelming influx of Chinese migrants, unemployed, and the laid-off workers of the over-saturated eastern coastal cities to migrating to the Tibet Autonomous Region seeking for working and business opportunity. However, these Chinese do not come all the way here to Tibet just to preach Maoism or even Han-ism, and they are concerned about Tibetans only in as much as a Tibetan might endanger or increase their chances to make money. Their opportunities mainly depend on the large government-subsidized projects that fuel Tibet's tertiary economy. Without these, they would have to be left floating again and would drift to the next prospective region all over the country. This controversial railway construction plan has gained great attention for Overseas Tibetans and Tibetan observers over the world after the Chinese government reveal its plan as part of the so-called Western Development Strategy. The Tibetan Action Committee stated that they are afraid once the Qinghai-Tibet Railway plan completed, it will decimate the Tibetan's cultural and traditions and therefore it will destroyed Tibetan's unique identity and turn Tibetan to become sinicize. As the action committee still regards the presence of Communist administration in Tibet since the 1950s as an occupation; in contrast to what the Communist administration called it the â€Å"peaceful liberation†. Therefore, it is not too hard to understand for their worries of the railway construction that link to Lhasa will bring tightening military grip over Tibet , and a much faster and convenient way for logistics supply. Looking at it another way, once the railway is completed, Tibetan herdsman can easily sell their sheer product outside the border, plus more consumer products can enter Tibet which can be improve Tibetans' living standard, where the price will go down due to scarcity of goods. This will greatly benefit Tibetan throw off poverty and enter to a much faster economy development track, isn't it just great for everyone? As business is business, the company needs not to get involve into politic that much. Like the Chinese saying â€Å"The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it†; if you take weapons like gun for example, it can be use for murder, robbery, self-protection, and of course, use by authorities to saving civilian's life. Thus, it is absolutely depending on how people use it; anything else is out of the question. What the Tibetan Action Committee worries can be taken as a consideration for the company while considered the offer, but it shall not be the sole consideration factor that affects the company on the railway contract offer by the Chinese Government.

Kidney Stone Ncp

Kidney Stone Care Plan Admitting Diagnoses: Client not being admitted at this time Current Diagnosis: Ureteral Calculi Other Medical Diagnoses: HTN, Hyperlipidemia, Kidney stones, Smokes Tobacco, Tonsillectomy-child age yrs. Pathophysiology: Urinary calculi are solid particles in the urinary system. They may cause pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, and, possibly, chills and fever due to secondary infection. Diagnosis is based on urinalysis and radiologic imaging, usually noncontrast helical CT. Treatment is with analgesics, antibiotics for infection, and, sometimes, shock wave lithotripsy or endoscopic procedures.About 1/1000 adults in the US is hospitalized annually because of urinary calculi, which are also found in about 1% of all autopsies. Up to 12% of men and 5% of women will develop a urinary calculus by age 70. Calculi vary from microscopic crystalline foci to calculi several centimeters in diameter. A large calculus, called a staghorn calculus, can fill an entire renal calyc eal system. About 85% of calculi in the US are composed of Ca, mainly Ca oxalate. Composition of urinary calculi; 10% are uric acid; 2% are cystine; most of the remainder are Mg ammonium phosphate (struvite).General risk factors include disorders that increase urinary salt concentration, either by increased excretion of Ca or uric acid salts, or by decreased excretion of urine or citrate. Urinary calculi may remain within the renal parenchyma or renal pelvis or be passed into the ureter and bladder. During passage, calculi may irritate the ureter and may become lodged, obstructing urine flow and causing hydroureter and sometimes hydronephrosis. (Preminger, MD, 2012) Common areas of lodgment include the ureteropelvic junction, the distal ureter, and the ureterovesical junction.Larger calculi are more likely to become lodged. Typically, a calculus must have a diameter > 5 mm to become lodged. Calculi ? 5 mm are likely to pass spontaneously. Even partial obstruction causes decreased gl omerular filtration, which may persist briefly after the calculus has passed. With hydronephrosis and elevated glomerular pressure, renal blood flow declines, further worsening renal function. Generally, however, in the absence of infection, permanent renal dysfunction occurs only after about 28 days of complete obstruction.Secondary infection can occur with long-standing obstruction, but most patients with Ca-containing calculi do not have infected urine. Preminger, MD, G. M. (n. d. ). Nephrolithiasis; stones; urolithiasis. Retrieved from http://www. merckmanuals. com/professional/genitourinary_disorders/urinary_calculi/urinary_calculi. html Textbook clinical symptoms: The major manifestation of stones is severe pain, commonly called renal colic. Flank pain suggests the stone is located in the kidney or upper ureter. Flank pain that extends toward the abdomen or to the scrotum and testes or the vulva suggests that stones are in the ureters or bladder.Nausea, vomiting, pallor, and d iaphoresis often accompany the pain. Frequency or dysuria occurs when a stone reaches the bladder. (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010) pg 1571 Actual symptoms: Flank pain extending toward the abdomen, dizziness, sweating, and nausea w/o vomiting. Patient states his pain is an 8/10 on the pain scale. Pain is described as constant and sharp with no alleviating factors. Complications or potential complications: Potential; Hydroureter, hematuria, hydronephrosis, abrasion, oliguria or anuria, and infection. Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010) pg 1571-1572 Safety Issues: Fall risk level – Low, but still a potential complication from patient’s c/o dizziness from pain. Delegation Issues: Assist patient when ambulating. |Client Data | |Age | |38 | |Physical Exam (include all body systems) | (Physical Exam) | |Age | |38 | | | |Male | | | |Height | |69. in | |Weight | |180lb | |Temp | |99F | |Pulse | |90 | |Apical Pulse | |88 | |Resp | |20 | |BP | |169/71 | |BP supine | |( Noted | |O2 Saturation | |100% RA | | | | | |NEURO: nonfocal, AXOX4, c/o pain. |HEENT: Denies headache; PERRLA, Ears unobstructed, symmetrical, no loss of hearing, Nares are clear, w/o drainage or obstruction, Oropharynx is clear w/ | |membranes pink in color and intact, Neck is supple with full range of motion, | |INTEGUMENT: Skin warm, moist-diaphoretic, intact w/saline lock in RU-AC, dressing is clean, intact, non-tender, free of redness. | |CARDIOVASCULAR: No JVD noted, apical pulse regular at 88bpm, S1/S2 auscultated, no c/o chest pain/pressure | |distal pulses palpated in all extremities, capillary refill

Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essays

Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essays Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essay Elderly Care Between the United States and Japan[1] Essay Elderly care between the United States and Japan The difference between Japan and the United States and the care of the elderly is like night and day. The customs between the two cultures are separated by the differences in the respect for the elderly, what is considered acceptable care and how care is provided. These are just the surface of the cultural differences and the basics of elder care should be considered. This is only for care of a fairly healthy person that has just gotten older and needs help in day to day activities but not completely helpless, or hindered by dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. In Japan the elderly are considered a person of knowledge and is to be respected for that knowledge and experience. The elders are the center of the family group because of the life they have led has brought the family to where they are in life today. Usually the In-laws are brought into the family home when they can no longer care for themselves or considered to be infirmed due to illness or disease. The care given is usually done by the women in the house hold but the men, usually the oldest son, has become the primary care giver in recent years. SO Long, PB Harris. (2000). This has been the the family unit for generations and continues to be to this very day. In the United states the Elderly or infirmed are looked upon as an Individual that has already lived a full life and seem to be pitied for living to be so old. They are not respected in the way the Japanese family do. They usually have to turn to retirement homes or what is called extended care facilities. This does create quite the financial burden and will usually drain any kind of savings they have. The facilities are not like a home with all the busy plans and schedules for the children or family events. The care given in these facilities are usually less than what most people, at that age, try to live at but it is all they can afford. In Japan the care that is provided in the home can cover a lot from bathing to cooking to just general housekeeping and laundry. If the Elderly need something more like treatments, medical procedures, or long term hospital tays the family will do everything that is feasible to help with this, either financially or physically making things work to make the elder comfortable. In the United States if the elder has moved in it would be with their own son not the individuals in-laws if at all possible. The level of care would only be determined by the amount of time the son has to give to the elder. The respect would start to wane after a time and roles would be reversed, father is no-longer the head of house and the son is, and tensions would rise. Eventually the elder would be placed in a nursing home or a care facility of some kind. This is always sad to see, but just about every month in the United States there is an article in the news about some nursing home abuse. The different cultures of the United States and Japan are so wildly different that the health care system reforms that the united states has put into place may just bring the elderly back into the family unit but that us another subject. The Level of care and the accepted standards of each culture is almost completely polar opposite. How Japan cares for the elderly in a family unit and the United States depends on its own healthcare system, retirement homes and nursing homes or even extended care facilities, to reliably take care of their elderly. The level of respect for the elderly is provided in Japan has my attention and I wonder if there is some way to turn the United States people around to that way of thinking? REFERENCES SO Long, PB Harris. (2000). Gender and elder care: social change and the role of the caregiver in Japan. Social Science Japan Journal, 3(1), 21. Retrieved April 16, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 407135091).

12 Interesting Facts About Activist Grace Lee Boggs

12 Interesting Facts About Activist Grace Lee Boggs Grace Lee Boggs isn’t a household name, but the Chinese-American activist made long-lasting contributions to the civil rights, labor, and feminist movements. Boggs died on Oct. 5, 2015, at age 100. Learn why her activism earned her the respect of black leaders such as Angela Davis and Malcolm X with this list of 10 interesting facts about her life. Birth Born Grace Lee on June 27, 1915, to Chin and Yin Lan Lee, the activist came into the world in the unit above her family’s Chinese restaurant in Providence, R.I. Her father would later enjoy success as a restaurateur in Manhattan. Early Years and Education Although Boggs was born in Rhode Island, she spent her childhood in Jackson Heights, Queens. She demonstrated keen intelligence at an early age. At just 16, she started studies at Barnard College. By 1935, she’d earned a philosophy degree from the college, and by 1940, five years before her 30th birthday, she earned a doctorate from Bryn Mawr College. Job Discrimination Although Boggs demonstrated that she was intelligent, perceptive and disciplined at a young age, she couldn’t find work as an academic. No university would hire a Chinese-American woman to teach ethics or political thought in the 1940s,  according to the New Yorker. Early Career and Radicalism Before becoming a prolific author in her own right, Boggs translated the writings of Karl Marx. She was active in leftist circles, participating in the Workers Party, the Socialist Workers Party and the Trotskyite movement as a young adult. Her work and political inclinations led her to partner up with socialist theorists such as C.L.R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya as part of a political sect called the Johnson-Forest Tendency. Fight for Tenants’ Rights In the 1940s, Boggs lived in Chicago, working in a city library. In the Windy City, she organized protests for tenants to fight for their rights, including living quarters free from vermin. Both she and her mostly black neighbors had experienced rodent infestations, and Boggs was inspired to protest after witnessing them demonstrate in the streets. Marriage to James Boggs Just two years shy of her 40th birthday, Boggs married James Boggs in 1953. Like her, James Boggs was an activist and writer. He also worked in the automobile industry, and Grace Lee Boggs settled with him in the auto industry’s epicenter- Detroit. Together, the Boggses set out to give people of color, women, and youth the necessary tools to effect social change. James Boggs died in 1993. Political Inspirations Grace Lee Boggs found inspiration in both the nonviolence of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and Gandhi as well as in the Black Power Movement. In 1963, she took part in the Great Walk to Freedom march, which featured King. Later that year, she hosted Malcolm X at her home. Under Surveillance Because of her political activism, the Boggses found themselves under government surveillance. The FBI visited their home multiple times, and Boggs even joked that the feds likely thought of her as â€Å"Afro-Chinese† because her husband and friends were black, she lived in a black area and centered her activism on the black struggle for civil rights. Detroit Summer Grace Lee Boggs helped to establish the organization Detroit Summer in 1992. The program connects youth to a number of community service projects, including home renovations and community gardens. Prolific Author Boggs penned a number of books. Her first book, George Herbert Mead: Philosopher of the Social Individual, debuted in 1945. It chronicled Mead, the academic credited with founding social psychology. Boggs’ other books included 1974’s â€Å"Revolution and Evolution in the Twentieth Century,† which she co-wrote with her husband; 1977’s Women and the Movement to Build a New America; 1998’s Living for Change: An Autobiography; and 2011’s The Next American Revolution: Sustainable Activism for the Twenty-First Century, which she co-wrote with Scott Kurashige. School Named in Her Honor In 2013, a charter elementary school opened in honor of Boggs and her husband. It’s called the James and Grace Lee Boggs School. Documentary Film The life and work of Grace Lee Boggs were chronicled in the 2014 PBS documentary â€Å"American Revolutionary: The Evolution of Grace Lee Boggs.† The director of the film shared the name Grace Lee and launched a film project about well-known and unknown people alike about this relatively common name that transcends racial groups.

11 Tips for Getting the Salary You Want

11 Tips for Getting the Salary You Want Salary negotiating can be terrifying- particularly for entry-level workers who feel they have yet to prove their obvious worth to the profession and aren’t allowed to ask for what they want. Here are 11 tips that will help you get the salary you want.1. Know thyselfKnow what a typical employee makes at that job level in that industry. But also weigh that against your particular skills and experience, and how much you know you’re worth. Do you think you deserve the higher end of the starting range? Then ask for it. Know what you want and then give them the chance to give it to you. It never hurts to ask.2. Stay coolYou really need this job. But that doesn’t mean you should just take the first salary offer they make. Opening the lines of negotiation will not cost you the job. Not opening them might, however, cost you the salary you deserve.3. Ask higherWant a 25% hike in salary? Ask for 35%. They’ll bring it down and think they’ve won the day. And you ’ll still get what you need.4. Be popularThe best way to get what you want from one employer is to have a counteroffer from another one. Show you have many more options and offers. Make them sweat a bit that they won’t land you. Show them how highly other companies value you.5. Think benefits and bonusesDon’t forget to take these into account when comparing the salary you’re currently negotiating with your past salary package. And don’t forget they can be useful extras to sweeten your deal if you can’t get the dollar amount you asked for.6. Keep your headDon’t be petulant or pout. Don’t be aggressive. Stay calm and logical and present your case like a grown-up. Act like a grown-up and HR will treat you like one.7. SnoopIt’s always good to have some idea what your colleagues are making before you go into negotiations. This gives you a great sense of range. If you’re moving to a new company, see if you can’t find someone who knows someone who might know roughly what the salary packages are at that company for your position.8. Be thoroughMake sure you get all of the details. Talk through your salary breakdown line-by-line and avoid being surprised on payday.9. Don’t be greedyAt the end of the day, salary isn’t everything. If this is your dream company, you can probably afford to work for them for a little less than you would make at the sell-out company of doom and ennui. If they’re not being unreasonable with you, but just can’t give you what you’re asking, don’t storm out without thinking it through. Remember: you’re playing the long game here.10. Be ballsyIf you can afford to, and this isn’t your dreamiest of dream jobs, it’s okay to walk away sometimes. You can say ‘no.’ Sometimes showing your back on the way out the door can be the thing that actually gets you what you want. Just don’t bank on this ha ppening. Only walk away from negotiations if you can be comfortable with the possibility of it ending there.11. Know when to fold ‘emDo all of these things before you get your offer letter. Once that thing hits your inbox, all typed up and official-looking on the company letterhead, that’s the official number. HR isn’t going to budge.Remember to do your homework, have a clear idea of what you’re worth, and ask for something within the realm of fairness. Chances are, you’ll get it. Worst case scenario: you’ll have learned a valuable skill that will serve you next time- and throughout your whole career.

Write (5pages) of Data Warehouse, OLAP and Data Mining for Business Essay

Write (5pages) of Data Warehouse, OLAP and Data Mining for Business Applications - Essay Example This eradicates the need of specialists installing them after purchasing the database (Ling and Tamer, 2009). The research will establish the different areas of running businesses that this technology can be applied. Some of the areas to be checked are budgeting, sales forecasting and determining whether to produce a new product or not. The main objective will be establishing the benefits accrued by multinational businesses when they carry out data mining in their data warehouse. This information will be used in determining if these benefits can be passed to small scale businesses without the capability of purchasing this technology (O’Brien & Marakas, 2009). The research will establish the cost benefit that businesses receive by using this technology. Cost benefit will establish the opportunity cost of using this technology instead of manual data analysis using the stand alone software. The data warehouse is a collection of data which helps management in decision making. The warehouse has a capability of providing enormous amount of information at the same time. This makes it a better tool for use by businesses that are storing amount of information about their production operation process. The data warehouse ability of integration with modern analysis tools like OLAP is an advantage to corporate. This helps in timely and correct analysis of data, which can be used in decision making by managers (Agosta, 2004). These are software tools that enable data analyst analyze data and view it from multiple perspective. The multiple perspective help managers analyze different options of a problem before arriving at a conclusion. OLAP support activities like analyzing the financial trends in businesses. This would bring to the attention a manager a production line that cost of production is rising without any additional benefits accruing from it. OLAP tools are easy to use and do not require massive investment

It's about odyssey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

It's about odyssey - Essay Example As leaders of their people and key figures in the war, both men tend to cast their personal values back upon those they lead, thus presenting a generalized conception of how the Greeks and the Trojans differed in their overall world view. For this reason, it is helpful to examine these two characters in particular to gain an impression of how these two peoples differed from one another. In their approach to battle, in their adherence to the code and in the way that they each violate this code, the two men demonstrate that the differences between their people is really little more than a gloss of locality. Both Hector and Achilles can be seen to struggle with the heroic code as they prepare themselves for war. Each character has received relatively reliable information that they will be killed in the battle – Achilles through his mother, the goddess Thetis who tells him that he will not die as long as Hector lives, Hector through the pleadings of his wife who urges him to fight from the walls. While Achilles withdraws from the battle on the pretext of a feud with Menelaus, Hector spurns his wife’s pleading to honor the heroic code that insists a true warrior should not hide behind the walls of a fortress rather than stand tall on the plain. Andromache provides him with a moment of foresight as she tells him, â€Å"your valour will bring you to destruction; think on your infant son, and on my hapless self who ere long shall be your widow – for the Achaeans will set upon you in a body and kill you† (Book VI). It isn’t until after Hector kills Patroclus , Achilles’ most devoted friend, who is wearing Achilles’ armor, that Achilles is finally driven to re-enter the war. â€Å"Hector’s words following this action show that he does not realize his own limitations and that he could never have been so successful without the help of Zeus† (Lefkowitz, 2003, p. 66) and the other gods.

HR Planning and Recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HR Planning and Recruitment - Essay Example This essay focuses on the Human Resource planning and recruitment, that is one of the crucial requirements of the organizations. The main reasons for ensuring effective management of the company’s personnel is that it ensures that there is adequate number of staff members. KFC is the best example among all the fast food restaurant chains as it has allocated sufficient amount of resources in its personnel. Every aspect of HR is adequately planned out so that the operations of the company are not impacted at all. Even the recruitment of employees is done in accordance to the international standards so that the right people are hired at all positions. In order to sustain the edge within the industry, it is vital for KFC to keep track of the changes taking place in the employment market. It has employed right resources for management of this crucial aspect of the organization and has successfully created a highly, efficient, proactive, sincere and loyal team of employees. Each of the personnel is committed to enhancing the organization’s image in the fast food industry. Hence, KFC has developed an effective HR department for managing its international operations successfully. The success of the company lies in its policy of developing an efficient, loyal and committed workforce by allocating adequate resources in its recruitment and selection process. Even the policies are developed in accordance to the latest market trends so that the gap between the demand and supply of personnel is appropriately planned out.

International trade between Kuwait and the World Essay

International trade between Kuwait and the World - Essay Example Petroleum production accounts for almost 95% of export revenues and provides 80% of government’s income (Moore 179). The rising oil prices around the world have significantly influenced Kuwait’s economic growth. Its government has been keen on reducing the overreliance of oil through the transformation into a regional trading and enhancing Kuwait as a tourism hub (Dianne, Peter, and Nasser 1-15) Kuwait is very active on food imports, vehicles and also construction materials and services. Despite Kuwait’s relatively small population, itis firmly placing itself among the world’s most popular and attractive markets for many leading international franchises. The major motivating factor to these franchises lies on the young, strong shopping and consumer culture and the affluent population that has a great affinity for international brands. It is a suitable destination for retailers around the world seeking to extend their footprint. Kuwait’s law restricts foreign firms from opening branches solely in the country, but retailers can enter in the market through joint ventures and partnership with the locally incorporated companies (Moore 128). Before venturing into any market, it is always advisable to explore several factors such as the culture of the people, economic overview, geographical factors, religion, living standards, and the people’s responsiveness to international businesses. Habitants of the Gulf region are not anyhow strangers to conflicts and contradictions. Many are the idiosyncrasies that have shaped the region in both the ancient and the modern times. In the country, there have been contacts with the western countries and most their corporations and these have resulted to a commendable improvement to the region (Dianne 6). It has been through encouragement for better education, increased communication, greater mobility and an improved healthcare. Though cultural conflicts are now minimal, in the past

Human sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human sexuality - Essay Example Two basic forces of life drive differentiation, especially distinctiveness and togetherness. Individuality helps individuals to be themselves by creating their identities as they follow certain directions. It is fundamental to acknowledge that togetherness is an act of pushing oneself to other people’s directions making one part of a group. Individuality and togetherness have balanced and healthy expressions when fused together. These two important components of differentiation affect relationships in several dramatic ways especially by providing an individual with ability to maintain his self-sense when he is either physically or emotionally close to others. It becomes more challenging when the persons are closely important to the individual. During pressure, especially when there is intense lobbying for conformity from friends and family members, differentiation enables one to maintain his course and direction. A person who is not capable of undergoing emotional fusion is of ten labeled as emotionally fuse (Schnarch, 2009). Differentiation also provides an individual with the ability to maintain his self-sense during times when his or her partner is away especially during the early periods of a relationship. In as much as an individual values his contact with the partner, he must never allow himself to fall apart when alone. It is not similar to individualism because it provides one with the ability to find equilibrium between individuality and togetherness. A person who is differentiated is not only strong but also permeable. Regardless of manipulation and moldings from a partner, a differentiated individual can still afford to remain collected and calm. This individual would be able to change and retain his identity with admirable values and cores. However, differentiation should not be mistaken as the absence of emotions or feelings. One can easily connect with his partner without being afraid of his emotions. The solution entails conduct an effective subjective and objective evaluation of emotions. Additionally, differentiation is a type of self-determination that does not imply to any kind of selfishness. One can choose to be guided by self-interests of his partner at the expense of his own agenda. This does not mean that he is under rule from the other. A differentiated person recognizes the fact that people are different in nature and therefore have different interests. He must appreciate what these people want for themselves. Although, various ways of expressing love are evident, differentiation is a distinct way of articulating love. It is argued as a noble concept that one could partake. In couple’s therapy, differentiation can enable each partner to understand themselves in terms of both strengths and limitations and use constituting factors to enhance their marriage (Charlton & Yalom, 1997). Intimacy Intimacy is an experience that makes one aware that he is separate from his partner though he has parts and feelings that need sharing. It normally accompanies comm unication where each partner freely discloses personal information to the other. However, communication can exist without intimacy, especially in situations where people are engaged in verbal exchanges. Communication is not confined to absence of exchanges between couples because it entails any interaction that makes partners in marriage feel bad though this is poor communication. This implies that intimacy cannot be measured using communication if messages being

Design and planning of commercial and domestic buildings in the UK Essay

Design and planning of commercial and domestic buildings in the UK - Essay Example Precisely this report examines the designing and planning of commercial and domestic buildings in the UK. The UK has set aggressive national goals in the building industry meant to increase efficiency and safety of buildings. It has identified emission reduction targets for 2020 and 2050 to be 34 percent and at least 80 percent in that order (Willars 2011, p. 1). To ensure that buildings are playing their role in achieving these targets, regulations have been put in place to ensure that designing and planning is undertaken in a manner that will make buildings environmental friendly. DESIGNING AND PLANNING OF BUILDINGS IN THE UK Designing and planning of buildings take place in different phases. In all these phases there are procedures which ought to be followed. Basically as shown in the diagram below designing and planning of building projects is undertaken in four stages: prepare, design, construct and use. Table 1 (Different standards for planning and designing in the UK) It is ad visable that these phases are followed so that the construction work is completed to the set standards. Failure to follow regulations set is a violation of the law and is punishable. Importantly, such negligence will likely cost the public in one way or another. Building regulations are categorized into 14 sub-categories: Part A - structural safety Part B - fire safety Part C - site preparation Part D - toxic substances Part E - sound insulation Part F - ventilation Part G - hygiene Part H - drainage and waste disposal Part I - combustion appliances Part J - protection from falling and impact Part K - energy efficiency Part L - access to and use of land Part M - glazing Part N - electrical safety This report will utilize the RIBA Plan of Work 2007 in discussing the designing and planning of commercial and domestic building in the UK. The RIBA Plan of Work is chosen because it will enable the achievement of the objective of the report in the best manner possible since it has been the â€Å"definitive UK model for the building design and construction process since 1963† (RIBA 2013, para. 2). RIBA Plan of Work 2013 is due to be released mid this year therefore the 2007 is appropriate for this report. However, much care is taken to integrate the ideas from Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE), OGC Gateways (Scottish Government 2013), PFI procurement stages and National Audit Office Framework where necessary. The RIBA Plan of Work 2007 is divided into five phases with a total of eleven sections. The five phases are: preparation (A & B), design (C, D & E), pre-construction (F, G & H), construction (J & K) and use (L) (RIBA 2007, p. 1). The following sections examine each of these phases in great details, pointing out the technicalities involved and the expectations. Care is taken to ensure that each section addresses the requirements of domestic and commercial buildings as per the UK regulations. PREPARATION PHASE Under the prepare pha se, as categorized by CABE, the activities which cut across the board for RIBA plan of works, OGC Gateways and National Audit Office Framework are basically those involving getting ready to start off the project. They can basically be said to be feasibility tests to find out if the project can be completed. According to CABE (2011), a client needs to be very much engaged in running a building project especially in the very initial stages. It is important that the procurement process is understood well by the client. CABE has gone ahead to outline the skills that

Human sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human sexuality - Essay Example Two basic forces of life drive differentiation, especially distinctiveness and togetherness. Individuality helps individuals to be themselves by creating their identities as they follow certain directions. It is fundamental to acknowledge that togetherness is an act of pushing oneself to other people’s directions making one part of a group. Individuality and togetherness have balanced and healthy expressions when fused together. These two important components of differentiation affect relationships in several dramatic ways especially by providing an individual with ability to maintain his self-sense when he is either physically or emotionally close to others. It becomes more challenging when the persons are closely important to the individual. During pressure, especially when there is intense lobbying for conformity from friends and family members, differentiation enables one to maintain his course and direction. A person who is not capable of undergoing emotional fusion is of ten labeled as emotionally fuse (Schnarch, 2009). Differentiation also provides an individual with the ability to maintain his self-sense during times when his or her partner is away especially during the early periods of a relationship. In as much as an individual values his contact with the partner, he must never allow himself to fall apart when alone. It is not similar to individualism because it provides one with the ability to find equilibrium between individuality and togetherness. A person who is differentiated is not only strong but also permeable. Regardless of manipulation and moldings from a partner, a differentiated individual can still afford to remain collected and calm. This individual would be able to change and retain his identity with admirable values and cores. However, differentiation should not be mistaken as the absence of emotions or feelings. One can easily connect with his partner without being afraid of his emotions. The solution entails conduct an effective subjective and objective evaluation of emotions. Additionally, differentiation is a type of self-determination that does not imply to any kind of selfishness. One can choose to be guided by self-interests of his partner at the expense of his own agenda. This does not mean that he is under rule from the other. A differentiated person recognizes the fact that people are different in nature and therefore have different interests. He must appreciate what these people want for themselves. Although, various ways of expressing love are evident, differentiation is a distinct way of articulating love. It is argued as a noble concept that one could partake. In couple’s therapy, differentiation can enable each partner to understand themselves in terms of both strengths and limitations and use constituting factors to enhance their marriage (Charlton & Yalom, 1997). Intimacy Intimacy is an experience that makes one aware that he is separate from his partner though he has parts and feelings that need sharing. It normally accompanies comm unication where each partner freely discloses personal information to the other. However, communication can exist without intimacy, especially in situations where people are engaged in verbal exchanges. Communication is not confined to absence of exchanges between couples because it entails any interaction that makes partners in marriage feel bad though this is poor communication. This implies that intimacy cannot be measured using communication if messages being

Case Scenario, Final Discussion Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Scenario, Final Discussion - Case Study Example These include social aspects of people. For example, there are people who are difficult to deal with. People who are non-compliant. In text books and literature, it is assumed that all patients are compliant.This means that what is taught in text books is enhanced by the actual practice. Therefore one cannot fully rely on the knowledge in schools when they get to the actual practice. This however does not mean that it should be ignored. There are also hospitals and procedures that govern a health facility. There are the standards set to regulate the actual in the work place. They can be different from what the nursing text books say and other forms of literature. This is because every facility is unique with its own set of rules. A nurse should therefore know when to apply the books knowledge and when to apply knowledge gained from experience (Ramsden, 1992). A culture of safety is when an organization priorities the safety of patients. Elements of culture safety include making safety a priority across the organization, Training of on going assessment of safety, clear safety goals for patients and policies. The only way the culture of safety can be attained is by speaking up. Many health workers witness cases of rules being broken among their colleagues, but they do not report. Drew’s case is not different. He should speak up without feeling intimidated in order to uphold the culture of safety. He should approach the RN with those concerns and should not be intimidated by the fact that he is an inexperienced fresh graduate. Drew should also air his concerns in writing to the relevant authority.He should stand up for what is right and this will even earn him respect from his colleagues. The hospital environment should set an atmosphere where health workers can speak up openly. Patient safety can be defined as liberty from accidental harm due to medical care or medical error. If Drew speaks up, he will prevent patients from getting infections and

The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan

The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE AND MARSHALL PLAN SHAPING AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY This research paper presents and overview for the change caused by the well-known Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan was the impetus for the change in United States foreign policy, from the isolationist to the internationalist; therefore, we were drawn into two wars of containment and into world affairs. The Truman Doctrine led to major change in U.S. foreign policy from its inception- aid to Turkey and Greece- to its indirect influence in Korea and Vietnam. On March 12, 1947 President Truman gave his message to congress requesting 400 million in emergency aid for the unstable governments to Turkey and Greece. This marks the beginning of what we now know of as the Truman Doctrine. Within this message Truman said: â€Å"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.† â€Å"I believe we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.† â€Å"I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.† (Jentleson) The presidents address alternated the warnings of the dangers of communism in specific areas, which were the gateway to Europe and the Middle East. President Truman never pertained to the Soviet Union, but in speaking of violations of the Yalta agreement of â€Å"totalitarian regimes† he made it very obvious who his objective was. The Truman Doctrine imitated the directing assumption of the U.S. Cold War policy. The immediate need of this statement was critical because of the crisis in the country of Greece. This crisis was because Britain announced that they could no longer assume the economic and other burdens of continued participation in Greek affairs. Politically, the United States realized that the United Nations could not guarantee peace. Economically, the Truman Doctrine recognized that the plans that had been developed during the war were not adequate enough to rebuild and rehabilitate war-torn countries of the world. There needed to be something more to ensure that these countries would be stable enough to resist Communist pressure. The Truman Doctrine implies that the responsibility that America had for the economic welfare for these war-torn countries did not end immediately after the war. The economic aid that President Truman proposed totaled about $400 million. President Truman knew the United States was the only country that could aid in this economic hardship of Greece and Turkey. Truman argued that the United States could no longer stand by and allow the forcible expansion of Soviet totalitarianism into free, independent nations, because American national security now depended upon more than just the physical security of American territory. Rather, in a sharp break with its traditional avoidance of extensive foreign commitments beyond the Western Hemisphere during peacetime, the Truman Doctrine committed the United States to actively offering assistance to preserve the political integrity of democratic nations when such an offer was deemed to be in the best interest of the United States. Just a few months later, June 1947, at Harvard University, Secretary of State George Marshall announced a plan in his commencement speech. This plan is the Marshall Plan: â€Å"In considering the requirements for the rehabilitation of Europe, the physical loss of life, the visible destruction of cities, factories, mines and railroads was correctly estimated, but it has become obvious during recent months that this visible destruction was probably less serious than the dislocation of the entire fabric of European economy.† â€Å"The truth of the matter is that Europes requirements for the next three or four years of foreign food and other essential products-principally from American-are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character. The remedy lies in breaking the vicious cycle and restoring the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace. Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.† The Marshall Plan was the primary plan after WWII of the United States for rebuilding in creating a stronger foundation for the countries of Western Europe, June 5, 1947, the reconstructive plan was established. The United States responded to the crisis in Europe for four reasons. First, Europe had been a great market for American goods; without a prosperous Europe, the United States might have suffered a severe economic depression. Second, Western Europe might have used socialist or Communist methods to rebuild their country without the help of American aid, in which the United States leader considered that undesirable. Another reason was due to the United States was beginning to understand that Western Europe appeared to open to influence by our principal rival, the U.S.S.R. Finally, European fears of the World War II foe would lessen only if the Germans were integrated into a larger Europe by rebuilding Western Germany as a buffer against further Soviet expansion. Then the U.S. co ngress gave $13.1 billion of the $29 billion Western Europe asked for. Seventy percent that was distributed by the Economic Cooperation Administration was spent for goods in the U.S. As cold war tensions heightened in 1949 the largest amounts went in order of Great Britain, France, Italy, and West Germany. The funds increasingly went into military expenditures rather than industrial rebuilding. In April 1948, the plan had now been in operation for four years. 7 billion in U.S. dollars were given to aid in economic and technical assistance to European countries that had joined in the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC). By 1952, West Germany was independent, rearmed, and economically booming, West European industrial production stood 35 percent above prewar levels. The economy of every participating state had grown well past pre-war levels by the time the plan had come to completion. The Marshall Plan left a legacy of U.S.-European friendship, transatlantic cooperation, U.S. engagement in Europe, and bipartisan U.S. support for that engagement. That legacy has guided U.S.-European relations ever since, and it serves as a beacon for the Euro-Atlantic Community today. The Marshall Plan was not only used to aid Europe in June 1947, again used on March 16, 1961, when the Cold War was at its greatest height and lastly used on March 14, 2002 at the request of President Bush with the events of September 11th â€Å"war on terrorism. The third and final President to request aid from the Marshall Plan was President George Bush, March 14, 2002, due to the war on terrorism events of September 11th. Later, President Bush addressed the Inter-American Development Bank announced the largest increase in foreign aid assistance in 40 years of $5 billion dollars. To quote from the Presidents speech, The growing divide between wealth and poverty, between opportunity and misery, is both a challenge to our compassion and a source of instability. Even as we fight to defeat terror, we must also fight for the values that make life worth living; for education and health and economic opportunity. The President was clear. However, that the new funds would be used for countries that root out corruption, respect human rights and adhere to the rule of law, as well as encourage open markets and sustainable budget policies. The most important question which development professionals must answer in order to make the aid system produce better and more sustainable results are this: what structures, what systemic pressures, and what incentives will overcome the inherent characteristic of human nature in all societies that opposes transformational change because it can be so threatening? One of the sad lessons we have learned through painful mistakes is that transformational change in a poor country cannot be imposed from the outside, not by the UN, not by the Banks, and not by donor governments. There must be national leadership and local support for transformational change to remove the impediments to microeconomic reform, to clean up corruption in the political system, and to make public management more accountable and transparent. What causes this leadership to form and act should be a question of considerable interest to us. Part of the answer lies in the nature of the incentive system in the internatio nal aid community. When the stability of fellow Western democracies was at stake, the Marshall Plan applied also to American principles. Much of Europe was devastated by the end of WWII. Most of the 60 million casualties among WWII were residents of Europe. Devastation of Europes agriculture led to conditions of starvation in many parts of the continents. Damaged railways and bridges left them economically isolated. The U.S. was the only major power whose infrastructure had not been harmed in WWII because we had entered the war later than other powers. During this time, the U.S. saw the fastest period of economic growth in the history of our nation due to American factories supporting both our allies and our own war effort. The health of the economy was reliant on trade. Aid from the Marshall Plan was mostly used by Europeans to purchase manufactured goods and raw materials from the U.S. George Marshall determined that providing economic stability to Europe would also provide political stability. When aid was offered, the European countries refused due to having already organized the program themselves. Thus, the process of European integration was started, and the economic and political foundations were laid for the stable, prosperous, and democratic Europe we know today. Different regions require different approaches. One great lesson of the Marshall Plan is that it was designed specifically to meet the critical needs of a particular place during a particular moment in history. It worked because Europeans were uniquely able to make it work. People need to find modern ways of solving current problems. We need to mention also that Americans and others tried to replant NATO in other types of soil during the fifties and sixties. I dont think those approaches worked very well. This is another reason to be cautious today. WORKS CITED EUROPEAN RECOVERY PROGRAM. 2009. History.com. 12 Dec 2009, 01:12 B.W. Jentleson, American Foreign Policy: The Dynamics of Choice in the 21st Century, 3rd edition (2007), W.W. Norton . Facts Sheet prepared by the Office of Policy and Public Affairs, Bureau for European and Canadian Affairs, . The Marshall Plan. 5/12/97 Fact Sheet: The Marshall Plan. 20 Jan 2001. The State Department, Web. 12 Dec 2009. . U.S. Department of State Diplomacy in Action. Truman Doctrine, 1947. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs, Web. 12 Dec 2009. .

Jacksonian Era Bound By Morality Essay -- Religion

Religion is the substance that produced social morality which bound all elements of society in the Jacksonian Era. Religion produced the moral code all men adhered to. Church leaders were so vocal in pastoring patriotism and loyalty to one's God and country. Church members received the message of liberation and promoted the common man to seek social and political equality. The concept of divine morality in the early-19th century held accountable the behavior of all who were at least partially active in their social environment. Religious services bridged the elite with under-classmen as well as the government with the common man. Quite often divine will was debated on the issues of slavery, social reform, abolishment, and the roles in which men and women were to play. The fact that these issues were debated illuminated the dark-gray areas in which morality first penetrated. Through the veins of morality come a fairness doctrine that is all too consuming when applied to one's self. No one wanted to be cheated out of their freedom and access to it. Social morality was the driving force of cooperation and debate during the Jacksonian Era. Old Hickory himself, President Andrew Jackson, knew the importance of having the common man behind him in a democracy; even if in reality he was not behind the common man. Jackson, who sought divine intervention, used the loyalties of believers to push through his agenda against the banks. The banks became â€Å"the evil giant† (the Goliath) that sought to destroy this new country along with its citizens. Jackson used his knowledge of religion to gain support and public opinion as he convinced them that his motives were righteous. In Harry L. Watson’s book, Liberty and Power, he wrote; Jackson's me... ...od and that they were upholders of the law through their moral convictions. Many churches were the center of their community in the early-1800s. The church was a place to bind closer relationships with others in the community to include businesses and other social venues. Many public figures had this one thing in common, that is their will of self-perception be defined in the public view as one with character and high moral convictions. Religion produced social morality which became the substance that bound all elements of society in the Jacksonian Era. Works Cited Earle, Johnathan H. Jacksonian Antislavery and the Politics of Free Soil 1824-1854. The University of North Carolina Press, 2004. Johnson, Paul E. A Shopkeeper's Millennium. New York: Hill and Wang, 1978. Larkin, Jack. The Reshaping of Everyday Life 1790-1840. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.

Essay on the Dynamic Relationship of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth

Dynamic Relationship of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth  Ã‚   An important factor in Shakespeare’s tragic play, Macbeth is the changing relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth throughout the play. At the beginning of the play, Lady Macbeth is the dominant character in the relationship. As the play progresses the roles seem to reverse and Macbeth becomes the more dominant of the two. We can gain insight into the changing relationship by looking at the interaction of the couple. The first time in the play where we can make reference about their relationship and their individual personalities in the relationship is in Act 1, Scene 5, where we first meet Lady Macbeth. She is seen alone reading a letter out loud, which Macbeth has written to her. It is telling her of his visit from the witches. The letter told how the weird sisters had come to him and Banquo on their way home after battle and how they also made it appear to him as though they could read his thoughts and how they tormented him with riddles. They showed him that they had the power of prophecy and they said that he would become the Thane of Cawdor and then king. They made him believe that his greatest prize, being king, was near and Macbeth who was already experiencing the desire to be king willingly listened to the witches. Lady Macbeth desperately wanted to become queen and when the king made Macbeth the Thane of Cawdor they both thought the weird sisters must be right and he would become king. When the question was vaguely brought up of killing Duncan to get the throne Lady Macbeth worked on this idea and in her eyes it seemed to be a good idea. Lady Macbeth then went about trying to persuade Macbeth into killing Duncan even though he clearly didn’t want to. ... ...86. Hugget, Richard. Supernatural on Stage: The Curse of Macbeth: Its Origins, Background, and History. New York: Taplinger Publishing Co, 1975. 153-211. Lewis, William Dodge. Shakespeare Said It. Syracuse: Syracuse University, 1961. Quincey, Thomas De essay from Harris, Laurie Lanzen, and Scott, Mark W. ed. "The Tragedy of Macbeth." Shakespearean Criticism, Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1986. Shakespeare, William. Tragedy of Macbeth . Ed. Barbara Mowat and Paul Warstine. New York: Washington Press, 1992. Traversi, D. A. essay from Harris, Laurie Lanzen, and Scott, Mark W. ed. "The Tragedy of Macbeth." Shakespearean Criticism, Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1986. Wells, Stanley, and Taylor Gary. ed. The Oxford Shakespeare, The Complete Works: Macbeth. By William Shakespeare. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. 975-999.   

Unmistakably Racist

Miami is a state of America and so thus Michigan. These two states are both progressive like any other states in America. But when one tackles about the racism that is happening in those two states, there are some things that are surprisingly odd.After reading the article written by William Booth entitled â€Å"A White Migration North from Miami,† I easily got the gist of the article which says â€Å"There is a racism that is happening in Miami.† And from that very point of the fact that racism is present there, Michigan is no doubt a good comparison with that of Miami.On my own understanding of racism, I define it as a discrimination of a superior race over the inferior ones. In the article of Booth, he cited many instances wherein the Americans feel that they are being discriminated because of the fact that their population is clearly a minority in the state.It seems that wherever they go, even in malls, food chains or government institutions, the people are Spanish s peakers. They really feel that the place is not theirs anymore because of the massive invasion of the Spanish speaking people. To make the racism clear enough, I want to conclude from what Booth says in the article, that whoever holds the most population, they are the ones who are more likely rule the place just like what happened in Miami.It is true that there is a reverse racism in Miami. Americans usually think that they are the superior race. But in the case of Miami, Spanish speaking people become the superior class because of their increasing numbers. In Michigan, Americans still reign the seat of superior class.Tracing back the history, the White Americans were discriminating the Black Americans. One good example of it was the way the students were treated. According to Zbrozek of The Daily Michigan, blacks, unlike the whites, were not allowed to attend dance classes and to use swimming pools.He also said that blacks were also not enjoying the rights of white students to join political activities in school. The discrimination of whites towards the blacks is very evident.Nowadays, there was still some racism that is happening in Michigan but not that bad like before just like what   Monique Luse said because as what Isaac Curtis in the article written by Jeff Barr that a good man is no doubt a good man no matter what his color and race. And Black Americans have already proven their worth in the society.I think my point is now clear enough. Booth is right. The majority wins over the minority and in this case, it is not an exemption. Are you the one who is discriminating someone or the one who is being discriminated? If you are the racist one, have you ever wondered if discriminating people are good habit to do?What if you go to a place where you and your class are being discriminated because of the apparent fact that you are a minority group of people in that particular place? Do you think you will feel good? Come to think of it as early as now. You wil l never know what will be the twist of fate do unto you.Works CitedBooth, William. A White Migration North from Miami. The World is a Text.Sliverman , Jonathan. Rader, Dean. 9 November 1998. Washington Post Staff Writer.  Ã‚   28   June 2008.< http://www.fiu.edu/~fcf-whiteflight.html>Zbrozek, Chris. Confronting the racism in Michigan’s history. The Michigan Daily.11 April  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007.Barr, Jeff.   Society taught lessons of racism. Michigan News. 14 February 2008. Luse, Monique. Telephone Interview. 2 January 2002.   

The Second Coming

William Butler Yeats was born in Dublin, Ireland. His father was a lawyer and happened to be a well know artist of the time. Yeats was educated in both England, specifically London, and in Dublin, Ireland. Although the majority of his summers were spent in the west of Ireland in the family's summerhouse. Yeats was involved in societies that attempted to write and compose Irish literature. His first piece of literature appeared in 1887, but in his earlier period his dramatic production outweighed his poetry both in bulk and in import. Alongside Lady Gregory he founded the Irish Theatre, which became the Abbey Theatre, which served as its chief playwright until John Synge joined the movement. After 1910, Yeats's dramatic art took a sharp turn toward a static, and esoteric style. He was appointed to the Irish Senate in 1922. Yeats is one of the only writers who has their greatest works written after the award of the Nobel Prize, which he recieve for his literature in â€Å"dramatic works†. His most recurrent theme is the ideal of beauty and ceremony contrasting with the hubbub of modern life. Yates wrote in a period of modernism, right after World War One. Many other historical English writing favorites wrote in this time period where modernist ideals were most prevalent. William Butler Yeats was one of the most interesting and influential twentieth-century poets. The poem â€Å"The Second Coming† is cleverly split up into two different stanzas, being almost unrelated they still create a good connection for the reader to put the poem together. In the beginning of the poem Yates talks about a falcon which in medieval times be used to hung small ground animals such as rodents to bring back to their keeper. The falcon has flown too far away and has gotten itself lost trying to find its way, symbolizing a collapse of social anarchy in Europe (the atmosphere Yates was writing in) and setting a general overall mood for what the rest of the poem is to bring. In line four, the poem shifts and begins to talk about the violence and describes a hostile picture of a blood wave in which â€Å"innocence† is drowned. This line keeps with he same mood as the falcon losing its way also makes another shot at social stability (most likely referring to his society right after the war). Line nine strikes the beginning of the second stanza, and thus the reader a different vision. The â€Å"second Coming† will be occurring due to the shattering of social anarchy. Yates describes a figure intended to be the â€Å"second Coming† with fascinating and attractive adjectives, making the shadow who is not intended to be Christ seem very supreme. In an instant the figure disappears and darkness swells over again. Lastly Yates makes a reference about the character making a trip to Bethlehem to insure the birth of Christ, entering back into the world. An obvious literary device used in this poem is mood, but more importantly the change in mood and what it is suppose to signal. Mood is the overall feeling of the poem. This poem fluctuates but for the majority of the of it, the mood of darkness and evil seems to catch your eye. n line eighteen the darkness falls back over. Setting is also used in this poem to make connection to an object, in this case a creature. Setting is the time, or place the poem takes place in. The figure seen in line twelve of the second stanza is supposedly thought to be going to Bethlehem, a holy capital and recognized place of holiness. Hence when a setting such as Bethlehem is incorporated the reader can immediately consider the poems relevance to religious teachings or thought. You can see this biblical thought when Yates mentions the blood-dimmed wave in line five, which can be contrasted to the great biblical flood. Lastly the diction used by Yates to increase the reader's attention by rhyming the last word of lines together. Diction is the style of literary wording the writer chooses to use, and in this case a clever rhyming scheme was incorporated. For example in lines three and four the words hold and world are rhymed. World War one brought on loads of hardship and despair, one of the main characteristics of the modernism era and â€Å"The Second Coming†. This poem gives the reader a feeling of uneasiness from the mood and overall manner of the poem. It is meant to appear dark, mentioning things such as blood dimmed waves and darkness falling over you. â€Å"The Second Coming† has similar aspects as other poems of this time period. Many of the writer's of the modernism era kept a tight knit set of characteristics they wanted their literature to describe. 1984 by George Orwell relates to many themes and motifs, but one theme in particular relates also to the modern ear ideals. 984 was based on a society of lie and potential collapse at any moment, and in the poem society is collapsing in on itself as seen in line three and four when Yates references the center not being able to hold and mere anarchy being spread upon the world. in 1984 it appears anarchy being spread upon the earth already occurred and all that is left behind is merely a totalitarian government ruling over life forms more closely related to robots than actual hu mans with real emotion. The poem makes this same reference to as if the social integrity of the world crumbles, evil will insure with power.

Critique of Kochavi’s Article Essay

Many of us used to read historical facts and data whether as a form of requirement of just a source of knowledge. As we read these texts, we are mould to understand certain parts of history that gives us greater perspective and learning of the past. According to Howell and Pervenier in their book â€Å"From Reliable Source: An Introduction to Historical Methods,† there is a process in obtaining historical data and evidences. This book serves as the basic steps in understanding the meaning and essence of history. As readers, we may be brought into historical places and scenarios because of many historians that give us several accounts on history, but we must also understand how history played a significant role to our growth and identity. This paper will discuss Noam Kochavi’s article entitled â€Å"Washington’s View of the Sino-Soviet Split, 1961-63: From Puzzled Prudence to Bold Experimentation† as it unravels a significant point of world history. In discussing the text, Howell and Prevenier will be taken into consideration to justify the arguments of the paper. Kochavi’s article discussed and described the trend and pattern of Sino-Soviet War. In the beginning of the article, the author discussed the path of the war as it involves the United States. In the middle of the text, Kochavi analyzed the different perspectives of the other historians as they give narration to the process of war through time between the concerned countries and the United States as part of the issue. Howell and Prevenier discussed the five keys to successful elaboration of historical accounts – a historian should know how to choose, he or she must know how to authenticate, to decode, to compare, and to interpret those sources that he or she has obtained. Based on the article, Kochavi has overflowing materials right through her hands. It was seen in her bibliography. They were used according to each topic. In the beginning of her article she discussed her main source, Gordon Chang’s â€Å"Friends and Enemies. † She discussed every sequence of Chang’s ideas and facts towards the World War and the perspectives of the United States within the issue of Sino-Soviet War. From all of these, it shows that Kochavi achieved the first key to obtain elaboration of the topic – by choosing the topic and idea. â€Å"Chang’s study has the single virtue of highlighting the considerable extent to which US officials during the 1950s and 1960s, Republican and Democrat alike, identified China as a growing danger to global and regional stability (Kochavi 51). † Kochavi’s article is a depiction of social reality and history into a complex situation. She is a product of modern historian that deals with the nature of facts and data in a sociological perspective rather than the technical acquisition of evidences. It can be said that this formation is a good attack to discuss the issues and relevant topics to make the article whole. Kochavi is also a basic definition of historian by Howell and Pervenier – having her own perspective that moulds the people into her own idea of the topic of the history. This point shows how the author authenticates the knowledge and evidences that she obtained throughout the process research and discussion of the text. â€Å"Another manifestation was the sense that the Communist Chinese soldier was capable of exhibiting inhuman resilience, partly because of the leadership’s alleged low regard for human life (53). † This part of the article showed the thoughts and arguments of Kochavi in regards with the context of the war. There are several points that she obtained throughout the text and all of these were discussed with certain evidences from different books, articles, discussions, and interviews. It was seen in the article that the author is making her assertions with points and justification to her main idea. As she discussed the inclusion of Washington to the war of China and Soviet Union, she is armed with different learning, ideas, composition, facts, evidences, and relevant materials to fulfill her goal for the text. That is why as the article went to its end, the readers would have greater knowledge towards the war and the ways on how Washington or the whole United States faced the issues and complications of the war. Kochavi decoded the facts and discussed it through her own senses and ideas to formulate better perspectives and identity to this part of history. â€Å"At the same time, prominent Foreign Service ‘Russian experts’, respected in the administration’s higher counsels, deemed Rostow’s prognosis too optimistic (62). † This part of the text discussed other relevant data and analysis to the topic. It is a form of comparison because Kochavi used to define and describe the capabilities, skills, knowledge, and identity of the Russian experts as they discuss the war. The author attempted not to become bias with her own thoughts and ideologies. That is why she recognized some ideas and analysis coming from other historians or experts in different countries especially to the concerned countries during the war to show their struggles, emotions, and own viewpoint of the battle. Therefore, Kochavi slowly obtained the fourth key to become a good historian for she already discussed the key aspects in tortuous case to make her readers understand well her input, subject, and point of view. On the other way around, as the article evolves and articulates its main thought, the author also narrates her simple ideas towards the scenario or the chosen topic that she faced. â€Å"In no small measure, Washington’s handling of the split was shaped by the policymaker’s preconceptions regarding China and the Soviet Union, as well as by perceived domestic factors. Yet, this article demonstrates that intelligence organs and intelligence products played a significant role (71). † The last part of the text, he discussed the main points that she wanted to convey. Through this, she has the willpower to learn and continue growing in the field of history that only few could acquire. She interpreted the sources that she has in greater sense of responsibility towards her readers. The attempts, attacks, symbolisms, and signs that Kochavi used to perform her duty as a historian and gives the readers the understanding of the content and rationale that shows the political, social, and economic aspects of war during 1960s. In conclusion to this, it can be said that Noam Kochavi did not only made a good effort to discuss the points and revelations of the Sino-Soviet War but she also made some input that moulds the readers on how they will perceive this certain part of history. It is true that historians give the idea of acquiring the facts of history as based on Howell and Pervenier. History is always in the hands of the historians because they give life to the past as we readers continue to nurture our minds in whatever facts, evidences, and information that we obtain through reading and acquiring knowledge. Work Cited Kochavi, Noam. 2000. Washington’s View of the Sino-Soviet Split, 1961-63: From Puzzled Prudence to Bold Experimentation. Intelligence and National Security 15, no. 1 (Spring): 50-79

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T.V.Show Project Concept - Essay Example The genre of the project is that of the traditional variety show and game show, mixed with travel and reality TV. There is a sense of live television or immediacy in hosted television reality programs: it is about the present tense and the competition of the participants. The rule is that the host is expected to look at the camera and relate to the home viewer explicitly and intimately. The rule that the reality game show should remember is that it is all based on money. The show wants to show the viewer something that is spontaneous or unexpected. The reality game show also must apply in the future that reality TV shows do have an effect on prime time news programs, as is seen by many of the tactics taken by FOX and others. Comparative shows to â€Å"Where Are We?† include â€Å"Fear Factor,† â€Å"The Amazing Race,† â€Å"American XPlorer,† and other shows on Discovery and the Travel Channel. There are cable as well as network inspirations for the show, which relies on classic game-show formulas at its heart. Target audiences include urban males and females, especially couples, who want to travel, but do not have time. In terms of programming strategy, the individual in this demographic watches reality TV game shows on cable at home and alone, or they get social gratification or filling social needs by watching the channel with friends or family members. They watch reality TV game shows on Discovery or some other channel has every day for hours, or while they eat dinner. If â€Å"Survivor† had this kind of habitual viewer it would’ve gotten even higher ratings. The gratification for this demographic is found in the channel’s game show programming and reality show programming, and people do not pay any attention to the advertisements during commercials. In fact, this demographic in particular often switches the channel so as to avoid advertisements entirely while watching reality TV

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